Global Warming Lecture

I found this lecture to be intriguing and effective, mainly because the presenter strayed away from the worn out scare tactics that I have now been desensitized to. Instead, he took a different, rational approach, by providing a best case scenario, and showing how even this could lead to an unpleasant future for our planet, and ourselves.

By making open assumptions, and using optimistic numbers instead of pessimistic ones, he managed to take much of the bias out of his presentation, which made the impact a lot more lasting for me. It made me realize that as long as our population continues to grow (which it will), it won't matter how efficient we are with fossil fuels - the one and only permanent solution is to stop using them entirely.

By pointing out the pros and cons of every possible alternative energy and solution to climate change, he managed to highlight the gravity and magnitude of our current problem, while eliminating most options, and only leaving one plausible one left: affordable solar energy. This provided a ray of hope to this otherwise dire problem, and certainly got me to support his line of research. I now feel like I have a much greater understanding of the efficiencies and inefficiencies of all the alternative energies, as well as the concept of energy consumption, and how to solve our growing problem.

Rough Draft Artist Statement

We are preparing an artist statement which will focus primarily on the effects of high fructose corn syrup and pesticides. What we currently have is a list of facts and questions which we will later arrange into a fully developed artist statement.

Pesticides
- How many birds do you think die a year because of pesticides?
67 Million
- FACT: Pesticides killed 25% of our bees in the winter of 2006/2007. That's tens of billions of bees
-What might pesticides put unborn fetuses at risk for?
Growth and development issues, 70% increase for risk of Parkinson's disease
- FACT: In China, 500,000 people a year suffer from pesticide poisoning, and approximately 500 of them die
- FACT: The production of pesticides can kill. In one incident, where 40 tons of pesticides were accidentally released, 15,000 people were killed, and 100,000 people are still left with mild to severe effects.
http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/effects-of-pesticides.html
- How many pounds of pesticides do you think are used annually worldwide?
5 billion.
- FACT: 90% of pesticides never reach the plant. They go to the soil, air, water, or us.
- The production use of pesticides has increased drastically. From 1954 to 2001, India went from spraying 154 million tons of pesticides to how many?
88 Billion
http://theviewspaper.net/five-billion-pounds-of-pesticides/

High Fructose Corn Syrup
- History- started in 1957. Corn has glucose, not fructose. Researches created an enzyme called glucose isomerase (enzyme to alter a group of enzymes). This enzyme rearranged the composition of glucose in corn syrup and made it into fructose. With adding this, it turned a mildly sweet corn syrup into the sweet high fructose corn syrup. The production initially began as a industrial scale in 1970s.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5106547_history-high-fructose-corn-syrup.html

-Fact-HFCS is now in ketchup, canned vegetables and jams. In 2005, Americans consumed a per-person average of 28.4 kg (54.56 lbs) of HFCS each year. This is also what they understand is causing the obesity problem in the US.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5106547_history-high-fructose-corn-syrup.html

-Why? HFCS started because corn growers were beginneing to see competition in the area of margarine and shortening. With the increase in demand for corn to make HFCS the loss in production for margarine and shortening was canceled.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5106547_history-high-fructose-corn-syrup.html

- Fact-Stove Top Stuffing, Capri-Sun Juice Drink, Kellogg's, Eggo®, Lifesavers, Nabisco, Nutri-Grain, Robitussin, Vicks, Cool Whip, Claussen Pickles, Ben & Jerry's, Dreyer's, Kraft Salad Dressing, Miracle Whip Salad Dressing, A1, Bull's Eye, Holy Smoke, Jim Beam, Tuttorosso, Kraft Philadelphia Cream Cheese, Oscar Mayer Lunchables,Campbells Vegatable soup all have HFCS
http://www.thegoodhuman.com/2007/09/10/high-fructose-corn-syrup-vs-pure-sugar-is-one-worse-than-the-other/

Research Presentation Annotated Bibliography

T. Hanazato, ScienceDirect, Pesticide Effects on Freshwater Zooplankton: an Ecological Perspective, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB5-41NCXB8-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1085340392&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=366cf642ea7ae60d34baddc644ace8ad, 2001

This website discusses the negative toxic effects which pesticides have on zooplankton, and the different ways it can affect them and their ecosystems.

David Pimentel, H. Acquay, M. Biltonen, P. Rice, M. Silva, J. Nelson, V. Lipner, S. Giordano, A. Horowitz and M. D'Amore, JStor, American Institute of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Economic costs of pesticide use, http://www.jstor.org/pss/1311994, Nov. 1992

This website reviews the dollar cost of pesticides, as well as the hidden costs, and many of the other negative effects that happen as a result of pesticides.

Robert E. Reinert, CSA Illumina, Pesticide Concentrations in Great Lakes Fish,
http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=7007138&q=pesticide+fish&uid=1337041&setcookie=yes, 1970

This study monitors the levels of pesticides in the water, and documents whether or not it has contaminated the fish in the Great Lake.

A.S. Murty, ECD, Toxicity of Pesticides to Fish: Volume 2, http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6326209, 1/1/1986

This website documents where pesticides go after they leave the soil around the plants they are used on, whether or not they contaminate fish, and what toxic effects they have on fish.

Ruthann A. Rudel, David E. Camann, John D. Spengler, Leo R. Korn, and Julia G. Brody, Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Pesticides, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Other Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Indoor Air and Dust, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0264596, 2003

This study measures precise amounts of pesticides and man made toxins in the air and dust, particularly within the home.

IRRIGATION RESEARCH ESSAY FINAL DRAFT

How Gardening Responsibly Can Help Our World

Overusing water is something that happens often within the garden, as well as on commercial farms. When these practices are adopted by others, massive amounts of water become wasted. On top of this, people will often use pesticides to help their garden grow, unaware of the widespread and dangerous effects that these chemicals are having on our environment, our food, and even us. Sometimes, the overuse of water and the misuse of pesticides can work together to make the situation even more hazardous. However, this is by no means an unsolvable problem. There are ways to responsibly garden. These responsible gardening practices are beneficial for us, the world around us, and public health.

We live in a world where water is becoming more and more valuable, as with a growing population, the demand for it becomes higher. This is because we have a finite amount; only 1% of the earth’s water is fresh and available to us. However, we are still practicing many techniques that waste millions of gallons of water. If one waters their lawn on a hot day, they could be losing around 50%[1] of the water from their sprinklers to evaporation. Some people also favor over watering their lawns. For example, if someone runs their sprinkler for 2 hours, they are wasting around 500 gallons of water.[2] However, home gardening systems are not (individually) the largest offenders. Major commercial farms will use similar sprinkler systems, which will waste far more water, since they are covering areas that could be hundreds of acres across. These numbers are beginning to add up, and having enough clean water is starting to become a legitimate concern for the world. Unfortunately, wasting copious amounts of water is not the only thing that faulty gardening and agricultural practices are doing. There is a threat that is possibly far worse.

Pesticides are often used to maintain a commercial garden by killing off the pests within it. Pesticides present a major threat to our environment. Pesticides themselves are a poison, designed to kill certain types of organisms that might interfere with the growing of a garden. However, these pesticides will often become airborne, and then affect other organisms. Since they spread like this, they are very difficult to get rid of, and have spawned into multiple strains. Among the organisms these strains affect are flowers. When these plants get infected, the creatures that pollinate them die, such as bees and butterflies.

As the Global Healing Center puts it, “Pesticides are a major threat to bees. The systemic poisoning of flowers has killed scores of bees. We're simply losing too many of them… More than 25% of the bee colonies died in winter 2006/07. That translates to a loss of tens of billions of bees. And it's estimated that this loss will negatively impact the agricultural economy to the tune of $8 to $12 billion.”[3] These are just a few of the adverse effects that pesticides have on the world around us, which as can be seen, can also have very damaging effects on our economy. Not to mention, 33% of our crops are dependant on bees, which doesn’t have a terrific outcome for those who are dependant on food to live. Besides bees, high levels pesticides have also been exposed to over 600 million birds, 67 million of which have died.[4] That’s 10% of the bird population. And that’s just in the U.S.A.

However, that’s not all. There are major health risks associated with pesticides, as well. Some of the most deadly poisons known to man are contained in pesticides, and although regulated, the effects can still be seen. Many pesticides contain neurotoxins, which can damage brain activity. This has been known to affect the growth and development of fetuses, with a 70% increase in the chance of getting Parkinson’s disease.[3] The risk is not only associated with the first exposure to pesticides; sometimes they build up in the body, to the point where they can become fatal. In China, an estimated 500,000 people a year are adversely affected by pesticide poisoning. Also, the production of pesticides has been known to kill. Another fact from the GHS states, “One disaster at a pesticide manufacturing plant was in Bhopal, India. The plant accidentally released 40 tons of an intermediate chemical gas, methyl isocyanate, used to produce some pesticides. In that disaster, nearly 3,000 people were killed immediately, overall approximately 15,000 deaths occurred. Today nearly 100,000 people suffer from mild to severe permanent damage as a result of that disaster.”[3]

Wasteful water practices and pesticides, when combined, have adverse affects of their own. When someone uses pesticides on their lawn, and then over waters, those pesticides make it into our water system. This contaminates our public water supply, and also gets into our ocean, and into the fish that we eat. Although there are no known numbers on how many fish die of this, it is known that there are dead zones in the ocean that span thousands of square miles across,[4] which are barren of life due to all the pesticides dumped into them. This process ensures that we cannot escape from these poisons. They go into the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat – no matter whether the food was farmed or fished.

There are a few solutions to all of this. Firstly, people can stop using pesticides on their lawn. This would stop adding more pesticides to our system, and allow the current levels to decline. We would then begin to see lower levels in all sorts of diseases, such as cancer or Parkinson’s. Next, people can stop over watering. A lawn only needs water that goes down a few centimeters to get to the root. If puddles start collecting on top, then the lawn is being over watered. People should try to water in the morning or evening if it is going to be a hot day, so that the water won’t be lost to evaporation. EarthEasy suggests mulch[2] to slow the evaporation of moisture within the soil. One of the advantages of Mulch is that it discourages weed growth. One would only need to add two to four inches of any kind of organic material (just as bark mulch or compost), then to press down on the mulch, and keep any moisture from escaping.

Finally, there is a solution that can hit 2 birds with one stone: drip irrigation. This is a highly efficient watering system, which only releases single drops of water at a time in multiple areas of a garden. This ensures that there won’t be any excessive water used, and almost none of it will be lost to evaporation. It is known to conserve both money and water, and help the plants grow better, as well. Also, if one chooses to use pesticides on their garden – although it is not ideal – there is no runoff with drip irrigation, which ensures that the pesticides won’t enter the water system. No matter which of the aforementioned options one might choose, these recommended gardening practices would all be beneficial to our standard of living, our way of life, and our world.





Annotated Bibliography

[1] Hussein M. Abo-Ghobar, Agricultural Engineering Department; College of Agriculture; King Saud University, Evaporation and Drift Losses From Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Under Hot And Dry Conditions, http://digital.library.ksu.edu.sa/V5M79R1505.pdf, 1993

[2] EarthEasy, Water Conservation: 25 Ways to Conserve Water in the Home and in the Yard, http://www.eartheasy.com/live_water_saving.htm, 2009

[3] Global Healing Center, The Effects of Pesticides, http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/effects-of-pesticides.html, 2009

[4] Michelle Donahue, The Viewspaper, Five Billion Pounds of Pesticides, http://theviewspaper.net/five-billion-pounds-of-pesticides/, 6/8/09

Richard G. Allen, Geoflow, Subsurface Drip Irrigation Can Reduce Pollution, http://www.geoflow.com/wastewater/sdi.htm, 7/23/09 United States Environmental

Protection Agency, Pesticides: Health and Safety, Human Health Issues, http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/health/human.htm, 5/11/09

Matt Goering, ServiceMagic, Water Efficiently With a Home Irrigation System, http://www.servicemagic.com/article.show.Water-Efficiently-with-a-Home-Irrigation-System.14246.html, 2009

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides: Controlling Pests, Lawn and Garden, http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/controlling/garden.htm, 8/7/09

How Gardening Responsibly Can Help Our World

Overusing water is something that happens often within the garden, as well as on commercial farms. When these practices are adopted by others, massive amounts of water become wasted. On top of this, people will often use pesticides to help their garden grow, unaware of the widespread and dangerous effects that these chemicals are having on our environment, our food, and even us. Sometimes, the overuse of water and the misuse of pesticides can work together to make the situation even more hazardous. However, this is by no means an unsolvable problem. There are ways to responsibly garden. These responsible gardening practices are beneficial for us, the world around us, and public health.

We live in a world where water is becoming more and more valuable, as with a growing population, the demand for it becomes higher. This is because we have a finite amount; only 1% of the earth’s water is fresh and available to us. However, we are still practicing many techniques that waste millions of gallons of water. If one waters their lawn on a hot day, they could be losing around 50%[1] of the water from their sprinklers to evaporation. Some people also favor over watering their lawns. For example, if someone runs their sprinkler for 2 hours, they are wasting around 500 gallons of water.[2] However, home gardening systems are not (individually) the largest offenders. Major commercial farms will use similar sprinkler systems, which will waste far more water, since they are covering areas that could be hundreds of acres across. These numbers are beginning to add up, and having enough clean water is starting to become a legitimate concern for the world. Unfortunately, wasting copious amounts of water is not the only thing that faulty gardening and agricultural practices are doing. There is a threat that is possibly far worse.

Pesticides are often used to maintain a commercial garden by killing off the pests within it. Pesticides present a major threat to our environment. Pesticides themselves are a poison, designed to kill certain types of organisms that might interfere with the growing of a garden. However, these pesticides will often become airborne, and then affect other organisms. Since they spread like this, they are very difficult to get rid of, and have spawned into multiple strains. Among the organisms these strains affect are flowers. When these plants get infected, the creatures that pollinate them die, such as bees and butterflies.

As the Global Healing Center puts it, “Pesticides are a major threat to bees. The systemic poisoning of flowers has killed scores of bees. We're simply losing too many of them… More than 25% of the bee colonies died in winter 2006/07. That translates to a loss of tens of billions of bees. And it's estimated that this loss will negatively impact the agricultural economy to the tune of $8 to $12 billion.”[3] These are just a few of the adverse effects that pesticides have on the world around us, which as can be seen, can also have very damaging effects on our economy. Not to mention, 33% of our crops are dependant on bees, which doesn’t have a terrific outcome for those who are dependant on food to live. Besides bees, high levels pesticides have also been exposed to over 600 million birds, 67 million of which have died.[4] That’s 10% of the bird population. And that’s just in the U.S.A.

However, that’s not all. There are major health risks associated with pesticides, as well. Some of the most deadly poisons known to man are contained in pesticides, and although regulated, the effects can still be seen. Many pesticides contain neurotoxins, which can damage brain activity. This has been known to affect the growth and development of fetuses, with a 70% increase in the chance of getting Parkinson’s disease.[3] The risk is not only associated with the first exposure to pesticides; sometimes they build up in the body, to the point where they can become fatal. In China, an estimated 500,000 people a year are adversely affected by pesticide poisoning. Also, the production of pesticides has been known to kill. Another fact from the GHS states, “One disaster at a pesticide manufacturing plant was in Bhopal, India. The plant accidentally released 40 tons of an intermediate chemical gas, methyl isocyanate, used to produce some pesticides. In that disaster, nearly 3,000 people were killed immediately, overall approximately 15,000 deaths occurred. Today nearly 100,000 people suffer from mild to severe permanent damage as a result of that disaster.”[3]

Wasteful water practices and pesticides, when combined, have adverse affects of their own. When someone uses pesticides on their lawn, and then over waters, those pesticides make it into our water system. This contaminates our public water supply, and also gets into our ocean, and into the fish that we eat. Although there are no known numbers on how many fish die of this, it is known that there are dead zones in the ocean that span thousands of square miles across,[4] which are barren of life due to all the pesticides dumped into them. This process ensures that we cannot escape from these poisons. They go into the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat – no matter whether the food was farmed or fished.
There are a few solutions to all of this. Firstly, people can stop using pesticides on their lawn. This would stop adding more pesticides to our system, and allow the current levels to decline. We would then begin to see lower levels in all sorts of diseases, such as cancer or Parkinson’s. Next, people can stop over watering. A lawn only needs water that goes down a few centimeters to get to the root. If puddles start collecting on top, then the lawn is being over watered. People should try to water in the morning or evening if it is going to be a hot day, so that the water won’t be lost to evaporation. EarthEasy suggests mulch[2] to slow the evaporation of moisture within the soil. One of the advantages of Mulch is that it discourages weed growth. One would only need to add two to four inches of any kind of organic material (just as bark mulch or compost), then to press down on the mulch, and keep any moisture from escaping.

Finally, there is a solution that can hit 2 birds with one stone: drip irrigation. This is a highly efficient watering system, which only releases single drops of water at a time in multiple areas of a garden. This ensures that there won’t be any excessive water used, and almost none of it will be lost to evaporation. It is known to conserve both money and water, and help the plants grow better, as well. Also, if one chooses to use pesticides on their garden – although it is not ideal – there is no runoff with drip irrigation, which ensures that the pesticides won’t enter the water system. No matter which of the aforementioned options one might choose, these recommended gardening practices would all be beneficial to our standard of living, our way of life, and our world.





Annotated Bibliography

[1] Hussein M. Abo-Ghobar, Agricultural Engineering Department; College of Agriculture; King Saud University, Evaporation and Drift Losses From Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Under Hot And Dry Conditions, http://digital.library.ksu.edu.sa/V5M79R1505.pdf, 1993

[2] EarthEasy, Water Conservation: 25 Ways to Conserve Water in the Home and in the Yard, http://www.eartheasy.com/live_water_saving.htm, 2009

[3] Global Healing Center, The Effects of Pesticides, http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/effects-of-pesticides.html, 2009

[4] Michelle Donahue, The Viewspaper, Five Billion Pounds of Pesticides, http://theviewspaper.net/five-billion-pounds-of-pesticides/, 6/8/09

Richard G. Allen, Geoflow, Subsurface Drip Irrigation Can Reduce Pollution, http://www.geoflow.com/wastewater/sdi.htm, 7/23/09 United States Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides: Health and Safety, Human Health Issues, http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/health/human.htm, 5/11/09
Matt Goering, ServiceMagic, Water Efficiently With a Home Irrigation System, http://www.servicemagic.com/article.show.Water-Efficiently-with-a-Home-Irrigation-System.14246.html, 2009

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides: Controlling Pests, Lawn and Garden, http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/controlling/garden.htm, 8/7/09

Senior Project Essential Questions

I feel that what I learned from other people's outlines was that we need to have structure. The way ours was laid out wasn't self explanatory, so when people read it they got very confused as to what our movie was actually about. So, we need to work to make ours more self explanatory.

My essential questions are as follows:
Where does our food come from?
What is in the food we eat?

http://nutrition.about.com/od/askyournutritionist/f/processedfoods.htm
This website lays out exactly what processed foods are, in relation to what actual food is. This helps to put into perspective how unhealthy processed foods are, as well as why its better to have the original kinds of food.

http://www.whatsonmyfood.org/
This website explains how there is a danger to commercial farming because of the pesticides that are on our food, and how they may be literally poisoning us.

Irrigation Research Essay

How Gardening Responsibly Can Help Our World

Overusing water is something that happens often within the garden. When these practices are adopted by others, massive amounts of water become wasted. On top of this, people will often use pesticides to help their garden grow, unaware of the widespread and dangerous effects that these chemicals are having on our environment, our food, and even us. Sometimes, the overuse of water and the misuse of pesticides can work together to make the situation even more hazardous. However, this is by no means an unsolvable problem. There are ways to responsibly garden. These responsible gardening practices are beneficial for us, the world around us, and public health.

We live in a world where water is becoming more and more valuable, as with a growing population, the demand for it becomes higher. However, we are still practicing many techniques that waste millions of gallons of water. If one waters their lawn on a hot day, they could be losing around 50% of the water from their sprinklers to evaporation. Some people also favor over watering their lawns. If, for example, someone runs their sprinkler for 2 hours, they are wasting around 500 gallons of water. These numbers are beginning to add up, and having enough clean water is starting to become a legitimate concern for the world. Unfortunately, wasting copious amounts of water is not the only thing that faulty gardening practices are doing. There is a threat that is possibly far worse.

Pesticides are often used to maintain a garden by killing off the pests within it. Pesticides present a major threat to our environment. Pesticides themselves are a poison, designed to kill certain types of organisms that might interfere with the growing of a garden. However, these pesticides will often become airborne, and then infect other organisms. Since they spread like this, they are very difficult to get rid of, and have spawned into multiple self-sustaining strains. Among the organisms these strains infect are flowers. When these plants get infected, the creatures that pollinate them die, such as bees and butterflies. As the Global Healing Center puts it, “Pesticides are a major threat to bees. The systemic poisoning of flowers has killed scores of bees. We're simply losing too many of them… More than 25% of the bee colonies died in winter 2006/07. That translates to a loss of tens of billions of bees. And it's estimated that this loss will negatively impact the agricultural economy to the tune of $8 to $12 billion.” These are just a few of the adverse effects that pesticides have on the world around us, which as can be seen, can also have very damaging effects on our economy.

However, that’s not all. There are major health risks associated with pesticides, as well. Some of the most deadly poisons known to man are contained in pesticides, and although regulated, the effects can still be seen. Many pesticides contain neurotoxins, which can damage brain activity. This has been known to affect the growth and development of fetuses, with a 70% increase in the chance of getting Parkinson’s disease. The risk is not only associated with the first exposure to pesticides; sometimes they build up in the body, to the point where they can become fatal. In China, an estimated 500,000 people a year are adversely affected by pesticide poisoning. Also, the production of pesticides has been known to kill. Another fact from the GHS states, “One disaster at a pesticide manufacturing plant was in Bhopal, India. The plant accidentally released 40 tons of an intermediate chemical gas, methyl isocyanate, used to produce some pesticides. In that disaster, nearly 3,000 people were killed immediately, overall approximately 15,000 deaths occurred. Today nearly 100,000 people suffer from mild to severe permanent damage as a result of that disaster.”

Wasteful water practices and pesticides, when combined, have adverse affects of their own. When someone uses pesticides on their lawn, and then over waters, those pesticides make it into our water system. This contaminates our public water supply, and also gets into our ocean, and into the fish that we eat. This process ensures that we cannot escape from these poisons. They go into the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat – no matter whether the food was farmed or fished.

There are a few solutions to all of this. Firstly, people can stop using pesticides on their lawn. This would stop adding more pesticides to our system, and allow the current levels to decline. We would then begin to see lower levels in all sorts of diseases, such as cancer or Parkinson’s. Next, people can stop over watering. A lawn only needs water that goes down a few centimeters to get to the root. If puddles start collecting on top, then the lawn is being over watered. People should try to water in the morning or evening if it is going to be a hot day, so that the water won’t be lost to evaporation. EarthEasy suggests; “Mulch will slow evaporation of moisture while discouraging weed growth. Adding 2 - 4 inches of organic material such as compost or bark mulch will increase the ability of the soil to retain moisture. Press the mulch down around the drip line of each plant to form a slight depression which will prevent or minimize water runoff.” Finally, there is a solution that can hit 2 birds with one stone: drip irrigation. This is a highly efficient watering system, which only releases single drops of water at a time in multiple areas of a lawn or garden. This ensures that there won’t be any excessive water used, and almost none of it will be lost to evaporation. It is known to conserve both money and water, and help the plants grow better, as well. Also, if one chooses to use pesticides on their garden – although it is not ideal – there is no runoff with drip irrigation, which ensures that the pesticides won’t enter the water system. No matter which of the aforementioned options one might choose, these recommended gardening practices would all be beneficial to our standard of living, our way of life, and our world.

Annotated Bibliography

http://www.eartheasy.com/live_water_saving.htm

This website suggests a list of various ways to conserve water within the home and in the garden. It gives a wide variety of water conservation tips for every major household plumbing appliance and outdoor watering piece.

http://www.geoflow.com/wastewater/sdi.htm
This study suggests that drip irrigation is effective for applying the water right where it is needed, and not creating runoff. This, in turn, reduces waste, and runoff. This article suggests that pesticides and any other chemical may be alright to use, when used alongside drip irrigation, because they stay right where they are needed, and don't become a part of our environment.

http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/health/human.htm
This government website discusses a few aspects of pesticides, the most interesting being the health effects. Depending on the type, they could affect the nervous system, skin, eyes, hormones, and heart.

http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/effects-of-pesticides.html
This website gives a lot of background information of what pesticides are, the different variations, what they do, how they are used, and all the different health and environmental effects. At the end, it suggests ways to reduce the number of pesticides that are used.

http://www.servicemagic.com/article.show.Water-Efficiently-with-a-Home-Irrigation-System.14246.html

This website explains the basics of installing, using, and maintaining a garden irrigation system. The main focus is on why irrigation is needed, and sprinklers.

http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/controlling/garden.htm

This is a website for the environmental protection agency. It talks about what pesticides are, what the downsides of using them can be, and provides some helpful alternatives for taking care of things such as weeds, fungus and pests in the garden.

Annotated Sources On Water Pollution (For Irrigation)

http://www.geoflow.com/wastewater/sdi.htm

This study suggests that drip irrigation is effective for applying the water right where it is needed, and not creating runoff. This, in turn, reduces waste, and runoff. This article suggests that pesticides and any other chemical may be alright to use, when used alongside drip irrigation, because they stay right where they are needed, and don't become a part of our environment.

http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/health/human.htm

This government website discusses a few aspects of pesticides, the most interesting being the health effects. Depending on the type, they could affect the nervous system, skin, eyes, hormones, and heart.

http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/effects-of-pesticides.html

This website gives a lot of background information of what pesticides are, the different variations, what they do, how they are used, and all the different health and environmental effects. At the end, it suggests ways to reduce the number of pesticides that are used.

Farmer In Chief Socratic Seminar

I felt the reading we had; Farmer In Chief - was a very educational and interesting piece. More than any of the facts, figures, and ideas mentioned in the article though, what I liked best was the tone of the article. As I mentioned in the Socratic seminar, the author did not take the stance that he had a point to make, and he would make the reader believe what he felt. Rather, he had a certain way that he felt about the issue, with certain ideas as to why things are the way they are, and how to fix them, and he provided his evidence that led him to these conclusions.

We spent much of our discussion hashing out the pros and cons of the plan suggested in the article, and whether or not it would be worth it to attempt to follow this advice. I believe our end conclusion was that this was a road we needed to head down, because the path we are on will not lead us anywhere good. However, we cannot expect to reach any desired results - such as an abundant supply of organic food for the world, drastically less reliance on fossil fuels, and an increase in public health and awareness - anytime soon. As the article stated, this is a process that would take at least 5 decades.

However, after reading this article, and hashing it out in the discussion in class, I can hardly find any reason to dislike or disapprove of this reading and what it suggests. Despite the cost, difficulty, and long time frame, I believe that this intricate, multiphase process of changing the way the world does food is not only beneficial, but necessary.

Guest Speaker

Note: Internet was down Wednesday night. So I posted this at school on thursday.

I found what our guest speaker had to say to be quite interesting. The thing that got to me is that he is just a normal person like us, but he was able to do something pretty interesting and extraordinary, simply because he had the drive to. The idea of a veggie bus is very intriguing, and so is the fact that he was motivated to do this.

What I have learned from his visit to our classroom is all that you really need to succeed in what you want to do is really to be passionate about it. After this, knowledge on the topic, as well as what you can do to be a part of it, will follow. In order to be successful in environmental science, all I need to do is focus on the parts that I find interesting, and really fixate on them. Once I do that, I will subsequently learn and become interested in related topics, and discover new solutions to any problems that arise - for myself or for the world that I live in.